From a cash drawer to a stablecoin settlement, every mode has its own rails, economics, risk profile and regulator. These are the leaves — the deep ones link through; the rest land on the moderated review cadence.
Merchant acquiring, the PayFac model, ISOs and agents, and Tap to Pay on commodity phones under PCI MPoC.
Livemodes/cards-emvContact and contactless, the chip, the kernel, and the contactless transaction flow.
Livemodes/pos-mposTerminals, PIN entry devices, mobile PIN-on-glass, and the estate that runs them.
Livemodes/qrEMVCo QR, interoperable schemes, merchant-presented vs consumer-presented.
Card issuing, BIN sponsorship, program management, and the issuer-processor stack.
Livemodes/walletsProvisioning, tokenization, HCE, and pass lifecycle for staged and pass-through wallets.
Livemodes/bnplThe BNPL model, credit and affordability, and where the regulators have landed.
Real-time rails, request-to-pay, proxy resolution, and the global RTP wave.
Livemodes/open-bankingPISP and AISP roles, consent, and the API standards that carry them.
Livemodes/direct-debitCollections, mandate management, and authenticated debit (DebiCheck in SA).
Livemodes/payoutsMass payouts, gig and marketplace disbursement, and cross-border payroll.
Cash-in / cash-out, agent networks, and why cash still dominates much of the continent.
Livemodes/mobile-moneyM-Pesa, MoMo, Airtel Money — the wallet that beat the bank account to scale.
Livemodes/cross-borderCorrespondent banking, SWIFT, PAPSS, Buna, and the cost of moving money across a border.
Stablecoin payment flows, on/off-ramps, MiCA's EMT/ART regime, and the SA crypto angle under FSCA & the FIC Act.
Livemodes/cryptoAccepting crypto, settlement-to-fiat, custody, and merchant economics.
Livemodes/cbdcWholesale and retail central bank digital currency — pilots, design, and the open questions.